Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells. It can appear as pimples, whiteheads, blackheads, or cysts.

Several factors contribute to acne, including:

• Excess oil production

• Clogged hair follicles

• Bacteria

• Inflammation

• Hormones (especially during puberty, pregnancy, or menstruation)

• Family history (genetics)

• Certain medications

Acne manifests in various forms:

• Whiteheads (closed comedones): Pores clogged with oil and dead skin, covered by a layer of skin.

• Blackheads (open comedones): Pores clogged with oil and dead skin, exposed to air, causing a dark appearance.

• Papules: Small, red, tender bumps.

• Pustules: Pimples with pus at the top.

• Nodules: Large, solid, painful bumps beneath the skin's surface.

• Cysts: Large, pus-filled, painful bumps deep within the skin.

Acne symptoms vary depending on the severity and type, but can include:

• Pimples

• Redness and inflammation

• Pain or tenderness

• Scarring (in severe cases)

While acne can affect anyone, it's most common among teenagers due to hormonal changes. However, adults of any age can also experience acne.

Acne treatment depends on the severity. Options include:

• Over-the-counter medications: Cleansers, creams, gels, or spot treatments containing ingredients like benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or adapalene.

• Prescription medications: Topical retinoids, antibiotics, or hormonal therapies (like birth control pills for women).

• Oral medications: For severe or cystic acne, oral antibiotics or isotretinoin (Accutane) may be prescribed.

• Procedures: Chemical peels, laser therapy, or light therapy may be recommended in some cases.

While you can't entirely prevent acne, these tips can help manage it:

• Wash your face twice daily with a gentle cleanser.

• Avoid picking or squeezing pimples.

• Use non-comedogenic skincare products (products that don't clog pores).

• Manage stress.

• Stay hydrated.

• Consult a dermatologist for personalized advice.

While some home remedies are suggested, it's crucial to be cautious. Many can irritate the skin. It's best to consult with a dermatologist before trying any home remedies. They can advise on what's safe and effective.

The time it takes for acne to clear up varies depending on the severity and treatment. It can take weeks or even months to see significant improvement. Consistency with your treatment plan is key.

You should see us if:

• Over-the-counter treatments aren't working.

• Your acne is severe or cystic.

• Your acne is causing scarring.

• You're experiencing significant emotional distress due to your acne.

• You have any questions or concerns about your acne or its treatment.