Lichen planus is an inflammatory condition that can affect the skin, mouth, nails, and hair. It typically manifests as itchy, flat-topped, purplish bumps or lesions.

The exact cause is unknown, but it's believed to be an autoimmune response, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues. Certain medications, infections (like hepatitis C), and allergens may trigger it in susceptible individuals.

Symptoms include:

• Itchy, purplish or reddish bumps on the skin, often on the wrists, ankles, and lower back.

• White, lacy patches in the mouth.

• Thinning or ridging of the nails.

• Hair loss (lichen planopilaris).

• Painful sores in the mouth.

No, lichen planus is not contagious. You cannot catch it from someone else.

A dermatologist can usually diagnose lichen planus based on a physical examination. In some cases, a skin biopsy may be needed to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment aims to relieve symptoms and reduce inflammation. Options include:

• Topical corticosteroids.

• Oral corticosteroids.

• Phototherapy (light therapy).

• Topical or oral calcineurin inhibitors.

• Retinoids.

There's no definitive cure for lichen planus, but treatments can effectively manage symptoms and induce remission. It may recur over time.

For oral lichen planus, avoiding irritating foods (spicy, acidic) and maintaining good oral hygiene is essential. Stress management techniques can also be helpful. For skin lichen planus, avoid scratching, and use mild soaps.

Complications can include:

• Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (darkening of the skin).

• Scarring.

• Oral lichen planus may increase the risk of oral cancer in rare instances.

• Permanent hair loss.

If you notice persistent itchy bumps, white patches in your mouth, nail changes, or hair loss, it's important to see us for evaluation and treatment. Early diagnosis and management can help prevent complications and improve your quality of life.

Common causes include cysts (fluid-filled sacs), lipomas (fatty tumors), skin tags, warts (caused by HPV), and folliculitis (inflamed hair follicles). Other causes can include insect bites, allergic reactions, and certain skin infections.

Follow the ABCDEs of melanoma:

• Asymmetry: One half doesn't match the other.

• Border: Irregular, ragged, or blurred borders.

• Color: Uneven distribution of color, including shades of black, brown, tan, red, white, or blue.

• Diameter: Larger than 6 millimeters (about the size of a pencil eraser), though melanomas can sometimes be smaller.

• Evolving: Changes in size, shape, or color.

Any mole displaying these characteristics should be evaluated by us.

Moles can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired (develop later in life). They can be junctional (flat and brown), intradermal (raised and flesh-colored), or compound (a mix of both). Atypical or dysplastic moles have irregular features and a higher risk of becoming melanoma.

No, most are benign (non-cancerous). However, it's crucial to have any new or changing lump or bump evaluated by a dermatologist to rule out potential health risks.

Treatment depends on the type of lesion. Options include:

• Excision (surgical removal)

• Cryotherapy (freezing)

• Laser therapy

• Electrosurgery

• Observation, if the lesion is benign and not causing problems.

Moles can be removed through surgical excision (cutting it out) or shave excision (removing the top layer). The method depends on the mole's characteristics and the dermatologist's assessment.

Skin tags are small, benign growths often caused by friction. They are commonly found in skin folds. Treatment options include cryotherapy, surgical excision, or electrocautery.

No. Attempting to remove a mole or bump at home can lead to infection, scarring, and incomplete removal, potentially delaying the diagnosis and treatment of skin cancer. Always consult a dermatologist for safe and effective removal.

Cysts appear as smooth, round bumps under the skin. They can be tender or painful if infected. They may also drain a thick, yellowish substance.

It is recommended that adults perform monthly self skin exams. People with many moles, atypical moles, or a family history of melanoma should have annual skin exams by us. We can determine the best schedule for you.