The leading cause is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. Other contributing factors include a family history of skin cancer, fair skin, a weakened immune system, and exposure to certain chemicals.

The most common types are basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma. Less common types include Merkel cell carcinoma.

BCC often appears as a pearly or waxy bump, a flat, flesh-colored or brown scar-like lesion, or a sore that bleeds or scabs and heals, then repeats the cycle.

SCC may appear as a firm, red nodule, a scaly, rough patch, or a sore that doesn't heal. It often occurs on sun-exposed areas.

Remember the ABCDEs:

• Asymmetry: One half of the spot is unlike the other half.

• Border: The lesion has an irregular, scalloped, or poorly defined border.

• Color: The lesion has varying colors within it.

• Diameter: Melanomas are usually larger than 6 millimeters (about the size of a pencil eraser), though they can be smaller.

• Evolving: The lesion is changing in size, shape, or color.

A dermatologist will perform a visual examination and may conduct a biopsy, where a small tissue sample is removed and examined under a microscope.

Treatment options include surgical excision, Mohs surgery, cryosurgery, topical medications, and radiation therapy.

Treatment depends on the stage of melanoma. Options include surgical excision, lymph node biopsy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and chemotherapy.

Protect yourself from UV radiation by using broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher, seeking shade, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding tanning beds. Regular skin self-exams and professional skin checks are also essential.

The frequency of screenings depends on your individual risk factors. People with a history of skin cancer, numerous moles, or a family history of melanoma may need more frequent screenings. Consult with us to determine the best schedule for you.